• The activity of MMPs is regulated

  2023-07-05

  

  The activity of MMPs is regulated at the level of gene transcription or by the enzymatic activation of latent enzymes. Inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-6 are elevated in synovial fluid, synovium and cartilage in patients with OA, and these cyto

• LX-1031 br Diabetic retinopathy Diabetic retinopathy is a se

  2023-07-05

  

  Diabetic retinopathy Diabetic retinopathy is a severe sight-threatening complication associated with diabetes mellitus. It is one of the most common causes of preventable blindness in the world. The risk of developing microvascular diabetic complications increases in diabetic patients with an inc

• In view of the ubiquitous

  2023-07-05

  

  In view of the ubiquitous distribution of the arachidonate 12S-lipoxygenase isoforms and the variety of cellular reactions influenced by the resulting arachidonate metabolites, these products widely play important roles in many biological systems. The development of new type-specific inhibitors of t

• The role of the adaptive immune response

  2023-07-05

  

  The role of the adaptive immune response in AD is not fully understood and previous studies are controversial. In this context, serum levels of T and B lymphocytes were found to be reduced in AD patients, suggesting a decline of the immune response during the course of the disease (Richartz-Salzburg

• br Conclusion br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgements

  2023-07-05

  

  Conclusion Conflict of interest Acknowledgements Introduction Human salivary aldehyde dehydrogenase (hsALDH) (E.C. 1.2.1.5) is the first line of defence against toxic aldehydes in the oral cavity. HsALDH is primarily a dimeric, class 3 ALDH (ALDH3A1) specific for aromatic and long/medium

• A number of studies suggest that adiponectin promotes osteob

  2023-07-05

  

  A number of studies suggest that adiponectin promotes osteoblast differentiation and bone formation by directly targeting GSK-3β and β-Catenin signaling [64], [65], favoring bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) differentiation toward the osteoblastic lineage [66], [67], decreasing sympathetic to

• These results from the present

  2023-07-05

  

  These results from the present study are summarized in Table 1. Eight drugs (doxorubicin, epirubicin, daunorubicin, idarubicin, irinotecan, imatinib, sunitinib and gefitinib) inhibited 5-HT-induced 5-HT3A and 5-HT3AB currents; three (irinotecan, topotecan and mitoxantrone) showed different responses

• Our published data showed that in

  2023-07-05

  

  Our published data showed that, in mouse heart, the protein level of WDR1 was highest during the embryonic stage, but became progressively decreased to a constant level from birth to adulthood (Yuan et al., 2014), indicating an important role of WDR1 in embryonic heart development. However, function

• The difficulty of characterizing nAChRs in the central

  2023-07-05

  

  The difficulty of characterizing nAChRs in the central nervous system is also exemplified by early observations that nicotine caused no detectable effect when applied on a brain slice and it is only with the focal and high time resolution of more recent experiments that the effects of nicotinic neur

• br Material and methods br Results

  2023-07-05

  

  Material and methods Results Discussion Clinical gene therapy trials with viral vectors have been in use for treatment of various genetic disorders and diseases, however efficacious, targetable and highly reliable non-viral delivery systems are needed for safe and long-term applications. De

• Regarding the HT B receptors they act as

  2023-07-05

  

  Regarding the 5-HT1B receptors, they act as terminal receptors and are involved in the presynaptic regulation of the release of 5-HT. But at spinal level these receptors are principally situated post-synaptically (Sari, 2004). The ability of autoreceptors to regulate extracellular levels of 5-HT dur

• Two major categories of arginase inhibitors have been distin

  2023-06-30

  

  Two major categories of arginase inhibitors have been distinguished (Fig. 3): the first category comprises synthetic arginase inhibitors, which have been developed from the substrate l-arginine [35]; and the second category includes inhibitors derived from natural products [36]. The category of synt

• In addition to peroxyl radicals the

  2023-06-28

  

  In addition to peroxyl radicals, the most found radical forms in biological systems, some of assays took into account other free radicals such as superoxide anion, hydroxyl, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen and peroxynitrite. ORAC procedure was also modified using different radical sources such as

• Despite clear evidence of a causative role

  2023-06-26

  

  Despite clear evidence of a causative role for Aβ in AD, Aβ-mediated toxicity alone is insufficient to explain all facets of fully manifested AD. Indeed, a recent report found that two familial AD mutations in PSEN1, PSEN-L435F and PSEN-C410Y, resulted in a dysfunctional protein that does not cleave

• br The lipoxygenase pathway in vascular physiology and patho

  2023-06-25

  

  The 12/15-lipoxygenase pathway in vascular physiology and pathology The mammalian 12- and 15-LOXs have high substrate specificity oxidizing predominantly ω−6 (arachidonic and linoleic acids) but also the ω−3 (docosahexanoic) Oltipraz [86], [87], [88]. Different LOXs oxidize fatty acids both in t

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