• br In order to determine the physiological roles of WT

  2020-02-24

  

  In order to determine the physiological roles of WT (wild type) EWSR1, Dr. Lee\'s group established a conventional Ewsr1 KO mouse [38]. Since then, the Ewsr1 KO (−/−) mouse model has successfully been utilized to decipher many important in vivo roles of EWSR1 (Fig. 1). EWSR1 deficiency alters m

• Our approach including the characterization of histone modif

  2020-02-24

  

  Our approach, including the characterization of histone modifications in scarce NK subsets, allowed us to identify super-enhancers, which associate with genes endowing a given cell type with its unique identity (Hnisz et al., 2013). Especially intriguing were SEs with distinct activities in NK subse

• The LNX ligand of numb

  2020-02-24

  

  The LNX (ligand of numb protein-X) or PDZRN (PDZ and RING) family of proteins consists of five members (LNX1–LNX5), the first four of which act as E3‐ubiquitin ligases in various roles, as reviewed elsewhere [14]. LNX proteins comprise a RING domain and two to four PDZ (PSD-95, DlgA, ZO-1) domains [

• FOX proteins constitute a large

  2020-02-24

  

  FOX proteins constitute a large class of transcription factors with multiple functions, from development and organogenesis to regulation of metabolic and immune functions. The Fox transcription factor is characterized by a 100-amino-acid wing helix or forkhead DNA-binding domain. In addition, the FO

• In contrast to SQLE HMGCR could be efficiently degraded

  2020-02-24

  

  In contrast to SQLE, HMGCR could be efficiently degraded in arn 509 lacking UBE2J2. However, this was not the case in cells devoid of UBE2G2, as these cells were unable to support 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC)-stimulated degradation of HMGCR (Fig. 1C). This finding is consistent with our recently r

• Among the CYP enzymes CYP D

  2020-02-24

  

  Among the CYP450 enzymes, CYP2D has been considered a crucial protein that involves in the metabolism of xenobiotics and drugs (Zanger and Schwab, 2013). Some isoforms of the CYP2D subfamily have been well characterized, such as CYP2D6 due to its clinical importance and CYP2D14 in black cattle (Hama

• From an industrial perspective the

  2020-02-22

  

  From an industrial perspective, the low turnover numbers and limited substrate scope of α-KG halogenases still represents a significant challenge. However, in light of the fact that currently no chemical processes are available for the selective halogenation of aliphatic carbon centers in complex mo

• br Introduction Protein modification by ubiquitin and ubiqui

  2020-02-22

  

  Introduction Protein modification by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins is one of the most common and important regulatory mechanisms in biology (Finley et al., 2004, Pickart, 2004). Ubiquitination is carried out by an enzymatic cascade consisting of three steps. In the first step, ubiquitin i

• these details In this review focusing on biocatalyst formate

  2020-02-22

  

  In this review, focusing on biocatalyst “formate dehydrogenase FDH” catalyzing both of the formic these details oxidation to CO2 and the CO2 reduction to formic acid, representative examples of properties, types, structure of active-site of FDH and, reaction mechanism of formic acid oxidation and C

• orexin Cysteine protease activities have been suggested to

  2020-02-22

  

  Cysteine protease activities have been suggested to be important for Giardia’s pathogenesis [[11], [12], [13],16,18,19,21,28,29,35]. Recently several giardial CPs were shown to be released during host cell interactions [9,10]. The three major released CPs have recently been shown to be involved in t

• So what can we glean from this

  2020-02-22

  

  So what can we glean from this illuminative foray into how Chk1 and MK2 participate in checkpoint control? First and foremost, this work reveals that Z-LEHD-FMK deficient in the tumor suppressor p53 contain two spatially distinct G2/M phase checkpoint control kinase networks. This provides compellin

• Functional studies revealed that these ESR mutations

  2020-02-22

  

  Functional studies revealed that these ESR1 mutations lead to constitutive activity of the ER, meaning that the receptor is active in absence of estrogen, conferring resistance against several endocrine agents. Recent studies reported that the occurrence of ESR1 mutations is rare in ER+ primary brea

• We have previously shown that sustained

  2020-02-22

  

  We have previously shown that sustained 8-pCPT treatment favored Ca2+-dependent arrhythmogenic activity in rat ventricular cardiomyocytes [8]. Fig. 2 shows line-scan Ca2+ images of myocyte incubated without (Fig. 2A left) and with 8-pCPT (Fig. 2A right) subjected to a train of electrical stimulation

• br Significance Ubl post translational modifications

  2020-02-22

  

  Significance Ubl post-translational modifications are potential targets for developing novel therapeutics for life-threatening diseases, such as c-Myc- and KRas-driven cancers that lack targeted therapy. However, only a few drugs are available to target these modifications. This lack of drugs hig

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction br Endothelin receptors

  2020-02-22

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Endothelin receptors Shortly after the discovery of ET‐1, two types of seven transmembrane G protein‐coupled receptors were cloned called endothelin receptor A (ETA) (Arai et al., 1990) and ETB (Sakurai et al., 1990). The affinity of the ETA receptor for ET-3 is

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